Introduction
This is a report for the insert benchmark with 20M docs and 1 client(s). It is generated by scripts (bash, awk, sed) and Tufte might not be impressed. An overview of the insert benchmark is here and a short update is here. Below, by DBMS, I mean DBMS+version.config. An example is my8020.c10b40 where my means MySQL, 8020 is version 8.0.20 and c10b40 is the name for the configuration file.
The test server has 8 AMD cores, 16G RAM and an NVMe SSD. It is described here as the Beelink. The benchmark was run with 1 client and there were 1 or 2 connections per client (1 for queries, 1 for inserts). It uses 1 table. It loads 20M rows without secondary indexes, creates secondary indexes, loads another 20M rows then does 3 read+write tests for one hour each that do queries as fast as possible with 100, 500 and then 1000 writes/second/client concurrent with the queries. The database is cached by the storage engine and the only IO is for writes. Clients and the DBMS share one server. The per-database configs are in the per-database subdirectories here.
The tested DBMS are:
- pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 -Postgres 15.2, the cx7 config and the build used: -O3 -march=native -mtune=native
- pg16prebeta - Postgres 16 from the main branch at git sha 1ab763fc2, the cx7 config and the build used: -O3 -march=native -mtune=native
Contents
- Summary
- l.i0: load without secondary indexes
- l.x: create secondary indexes
- l.i1: continue load after secondary indexes created
- q100.1: range queries with 100 insert/s per client
- q500.1: range queries with 500 insert/s per client
- q1000.1: range queries with 1000 insert/s per client
Summary
The numbers are inserts/s for l.i0 and l.i1, indexed docs (or rows) /s for l.x and queries/s for q*.2. The values are the average rate over the entire test for inserts (IPS) and queries (QPS). The range of values for IPS and QPS is split into 3 parts: bottom 25%, middle 50%, top 25%. Values in the bottom 25% have a red background, values in the top 25% have a green background and values in the middle have no color. A gray background is used for values that can be ignored because the DBMS did not sustain the target insert rate. Red backgrounds are not used when the minimum value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | l.i0 | l.x | l.i1 | q100.1 | q500.1 | q1000.1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20m.pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 | 85470 | 257692 | 31250 | 8962 | 8824 | 8839 |
| 20m.pg16prebeta.cx7 | 83682 | 251250 | 30769 | 8864 | 8874 | 8842 |
This table has relative throughput, throughput for the DBMS relative to the DBMS in the first line, using the absolute throughput from the previous table.
| dbms | l.i0 | l.x | l.i1 | q100.1 | q500.1 | q1000.1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20m.pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 20m.pg16prebeta.cx7 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.00 |
This lists the average rate of inserts/s for the tests that do inserts concurrent with queries. For such tests the query rate is listed in the table above. The read+write tests are setup so that the insert rate should match the target rate every second. Cells that are not at least 95% of the target have a red background to indicate a failure to satisfy the target.
| dbms | q100.1 | q500.1 | q1000.1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 | 100 | 499 | 998 |
| pg16prebeta.cx7 | 100 | 499 | 998 |
| target | 100 | 500 | 1000 |
l.i0
l.i0: load without secondary indexes. Graphs for performance per 1-second interval are here.
Average throughput:
Insert response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For the max column values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 | 0.070 | 99.930 | 0.001 | 0.006 | |||||||
| pg16prebeta.cx7 | 100.000 | 0.003 |
Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 85470 0 0 0.0 100.2 36.5 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.437 10369 22.8 0.121 21 1.9 5.2 0.0 0.006 86019 73918 20m.pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 83682 0 0 0.0 96.4 35.6 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.436 10207 23.4 0.122 22 1.9 5.2 0.0 0.003 83848 72921 20m.pg16prebeta.cx7
l.x
l.x: create secondary indexes.
Average throughput:
Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 257692 0 0 0.0 129.7 56.9 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.226 747 12.6 0.003 4 3.7 8.6 0.0 0.003 NA NA 20m.pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 251250 0 0 0.0 152.2 67.4 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.275 703 12.5 0.003 4 3.7 8.6 0.0 0.003 NA NA 20m.pg16prebeta.cx7
l.i1
l.i1: continue load after secondary indexes created. Graphs for performance per 1-second interval are here.
Average throughput:
Insert response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For the max column values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 | 99.995 | 0.006 | 0.008 | ||||||||
| pg16prebeta.cx7 | 99.998 | 0.002 | 0.009 |
Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 31250 0 0 0.0 177.9 53.2 0.000 0.000 0.006 1.742 7874 18.2 0.252 47 8.2 19.9 0.0 0.008 32077 21875 20m.pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 30769 0 0 0.0 176.2 52.9 0.000 0.000 0.006 1.760 7760 18.4 0.252 48 8.2 19.7 0.0 0.009 31564 21926 20m.pg16prebeta.cx7
q100.1
q100.1: range queries with 100 insert/s per client. Graphs for performance per 1-second interval are here.
Average throughput:
Query response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 | 99.965 | 0.034 | nonzero | 0.002 | |||||||
| pg16prebeta.cx7 | 99.966 | 0.033 | nonzero | 0.003 |
Insert response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 | 99.889 | 0.111 | 0.008 | ||||||||
| pg16prebeta.cx7 | 99.889 | 0.111 | 0.007 |
Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 100 8962 0 0.0 180.1 5.4 0.000 0.000 1.805 55.088 34378 12.9 3.836 115 8.2 18.3 0.0 0.002 8590 8414 20m.pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 100 8864 0 0.0 185.7 5.1 0.000 0.000 1.861 51.944 34001 13.5 3.836 122 8.2 18.1 0.0 0.003 8534 8438 20m.pg16prebeta.cx7
q500.1
q500.1: range queries with 500 insert/s per client. Graphs for performance per 1-second interval are here.
Average throughput:
Query response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 | 99.971 | 0.029 | nonzero | 0.003 | |||||||
| pg16prebeta.cx7 | 99.973 | 0.027 | nonzero | 0.003 |
Insert response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 | 99.956 | 0.044 | 0.007 | ||||||||
| pg16prebeta.cx7 | 99.928 | 0.072 | 0.008 |
Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 499 8824 0 0.0 322.2 11.4 0.000 0.000 0.646 23.480 33975 13.0 3.850 118 8.4 14.7 0.0 0.003 8485 8278 20m.pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 499 8874 0 0.0 322.8 11.5 0.000 0.000 0.647 23.523 34151 13.5 3.848 122 8.4 14.6 0.0 0.003 8550 8419 20m.pg16prebeta.cx7
q1000.1
q1000.1: range queries with 1000 insert/s per client. Graphs for performance per 1-second interval are here.
Average throughput:
Query response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 | 99.967 | 0.032 | nonzero | 0.003 | |||||||
| pg16prebeta.cx7 | 99.977 | 0.023 | nonzero | nonzero | 0.004 |
Insert response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 | 99.953 | 0.047 | 0.007 | ||||||||
| pg16prebeta.cx7 | 99.939 | 0.061 | 0.008 |
Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 998 8839 0 0.0 323.6 16.3 0.000 0.000 0.324 16.724 34173 13.9 3.866 126 9.0 14.6 0.0 0.003 8485 8301 20m.pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 998 8842 0 0.0 324.3 16.3 0.000 0.000 0.325 16.743 34163 14.1 3.864 128 9.0 14.6 0.0 0.004 8502 8422 20m.pg16prebeta.cx7
l.i0
l.i0: load without secondary indexes
Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 85470 0 0 0.0 100.2 36.5 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.437 10369 22.8 0.121 21 1.9 5.2 0.0 0.006 86019 73918 20m.pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 83682 0 0 0.0 96.4 35.6 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.436 10207 23.4 0.122 22 1.9 5.2 0.0 0.003 83848 72921 20m.pg16prebeta.cx7
l.x
l.x: create secondary indexes
Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 257692 0 0 0.0 129.7 56.9 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.226 747 12.6 0.003 4 3.7 8.6 0.0 0.003 NA NA 20m.pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 251250 0 0 0.0 152.2 67.4 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.275 703 12.5 0.003 4 3.7 8.6 0.0 0.003 NA NA 20m.pg16prebeta.cx7
l.i1
l.i1: continue load after secondary indexes created
Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 31250 0 0 0.0 177.9 53.2 0.000 0.000 0.006 1.742 7874 18.2 0.252 47 8.2 19.9 0.0 0.008 32077 21875 20m.pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 30769 0 0 0.0 176.2 52.9 0.000 0.000 0.006 1.760 7760 18.4 0.252 48 8.2 19.7 0.0 0.009 31564 21926 20m.pg16prebeta.cx7
q100.1
q100.1: range queries with 100 insert/s per client
Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 100 8962 0 0.0 180.1 5.4 0.000 0.000 1.805 55.088 34378 12.9 3.836 115 8.2 18.3 0.0 0.002 8590 8414 20m.pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 100 8864 0 0.0 185.7 5.1 0.000 0.000 1.861 51.944 34001 13.5 3.836 122 8.2 18.1 0.0 0.003 8534 8438 20m.pg16prebeta.cx7
q500.1
q500.1: range queries with 500 insert/s per client
Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 499 8824 0 0.0 322.2 11.4 0.000 0.000 0.646 23.480 33975 13.0 3.850 118 8.4 14.7 0.0 0.003 8485 8278 20m.pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 499 8874 0 0.0 322.8 11.5 0.000 0.000 0.647 23.523 34151 13.5 3.848 122 8.4 14.6 0.0 0.003 8550 8419 20m.pg16prebeta.cx7
q1000.1
q1000.1: range queries with 1000 insert/s per client
Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 998 8839 0 0.0 323.6 16.3 0.000 0.000 0.324 16.724 34173 13.9 3.866 126 9.0 14.6 0.0 0.003 8485 8301 20m.pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 998 8842 0 0.0 324.3 16.3 0.000 0.000 0.325 16.743 34163 14.1 3.864 128 9.0 14.6 0.0 0.004 8502 8422 20m.pg16prebeta.cx7
l.i0
- l.i0: load without secondary indexes
- Legend for results is here.
- Each entry lists the percentage of responses that fit in that bucket (slower than max time for previous bucket, faster than min time for next bucket).
Insert response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 0.000 0.070 99.930 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 0.000 0.000 100.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 pg16prebeta.cx7
l.x
- l.x: create secondary indexes
- Legend for results is here.
- Each entry lists the percentage of responses that fit in that bucket (slower than max time for previous bucket, faster than min time for next bucket).
TODO - determine whether there is data for create index response time
l.i1
- l.i1: continue load after secondary indexes created
- Legend for results is here.
- Each entry lists the percentage of responses that fit in that bucket (slower than max time for previous bucket, faster than min time for next bucket).
Insert response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 0.000 0.000 99.995 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 0.000 0.000 99.998 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.009 pg16prebeta.cx7
q100.1
- q100.1: range queries with 100 insert/s per client
- Legend for results is here.
- Each entry lists the percentage of responses that fit in that bucket (slower than max time for previous bucket, faster than min time for next bucket).
Query response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 99.965 0.034 nonzero 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 99.966 0.033 nonzero 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 pg16prebeta.cx7
Insert response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 0.000 0.000 99.889 0.111 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 0.000 0.000 99.889 0.111 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 pg16prebeta.cx7
q500.1
- q500.1: range queries with 500 insert/s per client
- Legend for results is here.
- Each entry lists the percentage of responses that fit in that bucket (slower than max time for previous bucket, faster than min time for next bucket).
Query response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 99.971 0.029 nonzero 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 99.973 0.027 nonzero 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 pg16prebeta.cx7
Insert response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 0.000 0.000 99.956 0.044 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 0.000 0.000 99.928 0.072 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 pg16prebeta.cx7
q1000.1
- q1000.1: range queries with 1000 insert/s per client
- Legend for results is here.
- Each entry lists the percentage of responses that fit in that bucket (slower than max time for previous bucket, faster than min time for next bucket).
Query response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 99.967 0.032 nonzero 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 99.977 0.023 nonzero nonzero 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 pg16prebeta.cx7
Insert response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 0.000 0.000 99.953 0.047 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 pg152_o3_native_lto.cx7 0.000 0.000 99.939 0.061 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 pg16prebeta.cx7