Introduction

This is a report for the insert benchmark with 400M docs and 20 client(s). It is generated by scripts (bash, awk, sed) and Tufte might not be impressed. An overview of the insert benchmark is here and a short update is here. Below, by DBMS, I mean DBMS+version.config. An example is my8020.c10b40 where my means MySQL, 8020 is version 8.0.20 and c10b40 is the name for the configuration file.

The test server is c2-standard-60 from GCP with 30 cores, hyperthreading disabled, 240G RAM and 3T of NVMe storage. The benchmark was run with 20 clients and there were 1 or 2 connections per client (1 for queries, 1 for inserts). The benchmark loads 400M rows without secondary indexes, creates secondary indexes, loads another 400M rows then does 3 read+write tests for 1800 seconds each that do queries as fast as possible with 100, 500 and then 1000 writes/second/client concurrent with the queries. There was one table per client. The database is cached by the OS page cache but not the storage engine. Clients and the DBMS share one server. The per-database configs are in the per-database subdirectories here.

The tested DBMS are:


Contents


Summary

The numbers are inserts/s for l.i0 and l.i1, indexed docs (or rows) /s for l.x and queries/s for q*.2. The values are the average rate over the entire test for inserts (IPS) and queries (QPS). The range of values for IPS and QPS is split into 3 parts: bottom 25%, middle 50%, top 25%. Values in the bottom 25% have a red background, values in the top 25% have a green background and values in the middle have no color. A gray background is used for values that can be ignored because the DBMS did not sustain the target insert rate. Red backgrounds are not used when the minimum value is within 80% of the max value.

dbmsl.i0l.xl.i1q100.1q500.1q1000.1
400m.fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60 6441221581423174749612445978557898
400m.fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60 6163331667083182149738417203970001

This table has relative throughput, throughput for the DBMS relative to the DBMS in the first line, using the absolute throughput from the previous table.

dbmsl.i0l.xl.i1q100.1q500.1q1000.1
400m.fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60 1.001.001.001.001.001.00
400m.fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60 0.961.051.041.211.201.21

This lists the average rate of inserts/s for the tests that do inserts concurrent with queries. For such tests the query rate is listed in the table above. The read+write tests are setup so that the insert rate should match the target rate every second. Cells that are not at least 95% of the target have a red background to indicate a failure to satisfy the target.

dbmsq100.1q500.1q1000.1
fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s601976988519769
fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s601977987919769
target20001000020000

l.i0

l.i0: load without secondary indexes. Graphs for performance per 1-second interval are here.

Average throughput:

Image

Insert response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For the max column values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.

dbms256us1ms4ms16ms64ms256ms1s4s16sgtmax
fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s604.94787.8847.1290.0050.0310.0040.333
fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s600.45892.1497.3240.0270.0390.0030.330

Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.

ips	qps	rps	rmbps	wps	wmbps	rpq	rkbpq	wpi	wkbpi	csps	cpups	cspq	cpupq	dbgb1	dbgb2	rss	maxop	p50	p99	tag
644122	0	0	0.0	812.5	243.7	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.387	587391	63.4	0.912	30	12.8	13.2	NA	0.333	32964	17381	400m.fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
616333	0	0	0.0	618.8	145.2	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.241	494471	63.5	0.802	31	12.7	13.3	3.8	0.330	32680	18967	400m.fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

l.x

l.x: create secondary indexes.

Average throughput:

Image

Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.

ips	qps	rps	rmbps	wps	wmbps	rpq	rkbpq	wpi	wkbpi	csps	cpups	cspq	cpupq	dbgb1	dbgb2	rss	maxop	p50	p99	tag
1581423	0	3	0.2	799.8	231.1	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.150	5534	58.8	0.003	11	26.9	27.3	NA	0.002	NA	NA	400m.fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
1667083	0	3	0.2	631.0	182.2	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.112	6288	56.6	0.004	10	27.0	27.5	6.5	0.019	NA	NA	400m.fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

l.i1

l.i1: continue load after secondary indexes created. Graphs for performance per 1-second interval are here.

Average throughput:

Image

Insert response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For the max column values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.

dbms256us1ms4ms16ms64ms256ms1s4s16sgtmax
fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s600.12715.71084.1280.0160.0160.0030.431
fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s600.02912.14887.7590.0400.0210.0030.372

Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.

ips	qps	rps	rmbps	wps	wmbps	rpq	rkbpq	wpi	wkbpi	csps	cpups	cspq	cpupq	dbgb1	dbgb2	rss	maxop	p50	p99	tag
174749	0	19	4.1	792.3	234.9	0.000	0.024	0.005	1.377	151925	33.1	0.869	57	59.3	60.7	NA	0.431	8794	6693	400m.fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
182149	0	15	4.1	664.8	148.6	0.000	0.023	0.004	0.836	147577	37.1	0.810	61	59.7	61.5	5.1	0.372	9149	7045	400m.fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

q100.1

q100.1: range queries with 100 insert/s per client. Graphs for performance per 1-second interval are here.

Average throughput:

Image

Query response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.

dbms256us1ms4ms16ms64ms256ms1s4s16sgtmax
fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s605.22494.7690.007nonzerononzero0.046
fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s6053.10546.8900.005nonzerononzero0.031

Insert response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.

dbms256us1ms4ms16ms64ms256ms1s4s16sgtmax
fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s600.52597.3002.1540.0210.024
fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s600.11799.2190.6620.0010.017

Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.

ips	qps	rps	rmbps	wps	wmbps	rpq	rkbpq	wpi	wkbpi	csps	cpups	cspq	cpupq	dbgb1	dbgb2	rss	maxop	p50	p99	tag
1976	61244	0	0.0	25.5	7.2	0.000	0.000	0.013	3.742	251904	64.5	4.113	316	56.1	58.1	NA	0.046	3070	2830	400m.fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
1977	73841	0	0.0	26.3	4.1	0.000	0.000	0.013	2.123	285700	65.9	3.869	268	56.1	58.3	5.1	0.031	3708	3469	400m.fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

q500.1

q500.1: range queries with 500 insert/s per client. Graphs for performance per 1-second interval are here.

Average throughput:

Image

Query response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.

dbms256us1ms4ms16ms64ms256ms1s4s16sgtmax
fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s603.64096.3200.0400.001nonzero0.055
fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s6046.78753.1850.0280.001nonzero0.030

Insert response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.

dbms256us1ms4ms16ms64ms256ms1s4s16sgtmax
fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s600.11318.28480.3821.2210.046
fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s600.25451.15548.5170.0740.025

Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.

ips	qps	rps	rmbps	wps	wmbps	rpq	rkbpq	wpi	wkbpi	csps	cpups	cspq	cpupq	dbgb1	dbgb2	rss	maxop	p50	p99	tag
9885	59785	0	0.0	61.0	17.8	0.000	0.000	0.006	1.843	240743	65.7	4.027	330	57.4	57.7	NA	0.055	3021	2781	400m.fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
9879	72039	0	0.0	54.8	8.8	0.000	0.000	0.006	0.910	276629	67.0	3.840	279	57.5	58.0	5.3	0.030	3644	3373	400m.fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

q1000.1

q1000.1: range queries with 1000 insert/s per client. Graphs for performance per 1-second interval are here.

Average throughput:

Image

Query response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.

dbms256us1ms4ms16ms64ms256ms1s4s16sgtmax
fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s602.36497.5640.0710.001nonzero0.055
fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s6039.10460.8470.0480.001nonzero0.031

Insert response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.

dbms256us1ms4ms16ms64ms256ms1s4s16sgtmax
fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s600.10423.45775.6270.8120.044
fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s600.05832.86966.8080.2650.051

Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.

ips	qps	rps	rmbps	wps	wmbps	rpq	rkbpq	wpi	wkbpi	csps	cpups	cspq	cpupq	dbgb1	dbgb2	rss	maxop	p50	p99	tag
19769	57898	0	0.0	119.0	35.7	0.000	0.000	0.006	1.850	226975	67.7	3.920	351	60.2	61.0	NA	0.055	2926	2701	400m.fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
19769	70001	0	0.0	101.2	20.3	0.000	0.000	0.005	1.052	262886	68.9	3.755	295	60.0	61.1	5.2	0.031	3532	3244	400m.fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

l.i0

l.i0: load without secondary indexes

Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.

ips	qps	rps	rmbps	wps	wmbps	rpq	rkbpq	wpi	wkbpi	csps	cpups	cspq	cpupq	dbgb1	dbgb2	rss	maxop	p50	p99	tag
644122	0	0	0.0	812.5	243.7	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.387	587391	63.4	0.912	30	12.8	13.2	NA	0.333	32964	17381	400m.fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
616333	0	0	0.0	618.8	145.2	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.241	494471	63.5	0.802	31	12.7	13.3	3.8	0.330	32680	18967	400m.fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

l.x

l.x: create secondary indexes

Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.

ips	qps	rps	rmbps	wps	wmbps	rpq	rkbpq	wpi	wkbpi	csps	cpups	cspq	cpupq	dbgb1	dbgb2	rss	maxop	p50	p99	tag
1581423	0	3	0.2	799.8	231.1	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.150	5534	58.8	0.003	11	26.9	27.3	NA	0.002	NA	NA	400m.fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
1667083	0	3	0.2	631.0	182.2	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.112	6288	56.6	0.004	10	27.0	27.5	6.5	0.019	NA	NA	400m.fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

l.i1

l.i1: continue load after secondary indexes created

Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.

ips	qps	rps	rmbps	wps	wmbps	rpq	rkbpq	wpi	wkbpi	csps	cpups	cspq	cpupq	dbgb1	dbgb2	rss	maxop	p50	p99	tag
174749	0	19	4.1	792.3	234.9	0.000	0.024	0.005	1.377	151925	33.1	0.869	57	59.3	60.7	NA	0.431	8794	6693	400m.fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
182149	0	15	4.1	664.8	148.6	0.000	0.023	0.004	0.836	147577	37.1	0.810	61	59.7	61.5	5.1	0.372	9149	7045	400m.fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

q100.1

q100.1: range queries with 100 insert/s per client

Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.

ips	qps	rps	rmbps	wps	wmbps	rpq	rkbpq	wpi	wkbpi	csps	cpups	cspq	cpupq	dbgb1	dbgb2	rss	maxop	p50	p99	tag
1976	61244	0	0.0	25.5	7.2	0.000	0.000	0.013	3.742	251904	64.5	4.113	316	56.1	58.1	NA	0.046	3070	2830	400m.fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
1977	73841	0	0.0	26.3	4.1	0.000	0.000	0.013	2.123	285700	65.9	3.869	268	56.1	58.3	5.1	0.031	3708	3469	400m.fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

q500.1

q500.1: range queries with 500 insert/s per client

Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.

ips	qps	rps	rmbps	wps	wmbps	rpq	rkbpq	wpi	wkbpi	csps	cpups	cspq	cpupq	dbgb1	dbgb2	rss	maxop	p50	p99	tag
9885	59785	0	0.0	61.0	17.8	0.000	0.000	0.006	1.843	240743	65.7	4.027	330	57.4	57.7	NA	0.055	3021	2781	400m.fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
9879	72039	0	0.0	54.8	8.8	0.000	0.000	0.006	0.910	276629	67.0	3.840	279	57.5	58.0	5.3	0.030	3644	3373	400m.fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

q1000.1

q1000.1: range queries with 1000 insert/s per client

Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.

ips	qps	rps	rmbps	wps	wmbps	rpq	rkbpq	wpi	wkbpi	csps	cpups	cspq	cpupq	dbgb1	dbgb2	rss	maxop	p50	p99	tag
19769	57898	0	0.0	119.0	35.7	0.000	0.000	0.006	1.850	226975	67.7	3.920	351	60.2	61.0	NA	0.055	2926	2701	400m.fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
19769	70001	0	0.0	101.2	20.3	0.000	0.000	0.005	1.052	262886	68.9	3.755	295	60.0	61.1	5.2	0.031	3532	3244	400m.fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

l.i0

Insert response time histogram

256us	1ms	4ms	16ms	64ms	256ms	1s	4s	16s	gt	max	tag
0.000	4.947	87.884	7.129	0.005	0.031	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.333	fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
0.000	0.458	92.149	7.324	0.027	0.039	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.330	fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

l.x

TODO - determine whether there is data for create index response time


l.i1

Insert response time histogram

256us	1ms	4ms	16ms	64ms	256ms	1s	4s	16s	gt	max	tag
0.000	0.127	15.710	84.128	0.016	0.016	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.431	fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
0.000	0.029	12.148	87.759	0.040	0.021	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.372	fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

q100.1

Query response time histogram

256us	1ms	4ms	16ms	64ms	256ms	1s	4s	16s	gt	max	tag
5.224	94.769	0.007	nonzero	nonzero	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.046	fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
53.105	46.890	0.005	nonzero	nonzero	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.031	fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

Insert response time histogram

256us	1ms	4ms	16ms	64ms	256ms	1s	4s	16s	gt	max	tag
0.000	0.525	97.300	2.154	0.021	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.024	fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
0.000	0.117	99.219	0.662	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.017	fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

q500.1

Query response time histogram

256us	1ms	4ms	16ms	64ms	256ms	1s	4s	16s	gt	max	tag
3.640	96.320	0.040	0.001	nonzero	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.055	fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
46.787	53.185	0.028	0.001	nonzero	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.030	fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

Insert response time histogram

256us	1ms	4ms	16ms	64ms	256ms	1s	4s	16s	gt	max	tag
0.000	0.113	18.284	80.382	1.221	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.046	fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
0.000	0.254	51.155	48.517	0.074	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.025	fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

q1000.1

Query response time histogram

256us	1ms	4ms	16ms	64ms	256ms	1s	4s	16s	gt	max	tag
2.364	97.564	0.071	0.001	nonzero	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.055	fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
39.104	60.847	0.048	0.001	nonzero	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.031	fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60

Insert response time histogram

256us	1ms	4ms	16ms	64ms	256ms	1s	4s	16s	gt	max	tag
0.000	0.104	23.457	75.627	0.812	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.044	fbmy5635_rel.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60
0.000	0.058	32.869	66.808	0.265	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.051	fbmy8028_rel_native_lto.cy9c4g_gcp_c2s60