Introduction
This is a report for the insert benchmark with 400M docs and 20 client(s). It is generated by scripts (bash, awk, sed) and Tufte might not be impressed. An overview of the insert benchmark is here and a short update is here. Below, by DBMS, I mean DBMS+version.config. An example is my8020.c10b40 where my means MySQL, 8020 is version 8.0.20 and c10b40 is the name for the configuration file.
The test server is a c2-standard-60 from GCP with 30 cores, hyperthreading disabled, 240G RAM and 3T from XFS and SW RAID 0 striped over 8 local NVMe drives. The benchmark was run with 20 clients and there were 1 or 2 connections per client (1 for queries, 1 for inserts). The benchmark loads 400M rows without secondary indexes, creates secondary indexes, loads another 400M rows then does 3 read+write tests for one hour each that do queries as fast as possible with 100, 500 and then 1000 writes/second/client concurrent with the queries. Each read-write test runs for 1800 seconds. The test was configured to use one table. The database is cached by the storage engine and the only IO is for writes. Clients and the DBMS share one server. The per-database configs are in the per-database subdirectories here.
The tested DBMS are:
- pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 - Postgres 11.19, the cx7_gcp_c2s60 config and a default build that used -O2
- pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60 - Postgres 11.19, the cx7_gcp_c2s60 config and a build that uses -O3 -march=native -mtune=native -flto (link-time optimization)
Contents
- Summary
- l.i0: load without secondary indexes
- l.x: create secondary indexes
- l.i1: continue load after secondary indexes created
- q100.1: range queries with 100 insert/s per client
- q500.1: range queries with 500 insert/s per client
- q1000.1: range queries with 1000 insert/s per client
Summary
The numbers are inserts/s for l.i0 and l.i1, indexed docs (or rows) /s for l.x and queries/s for q*.2. The values are the average rate over the entire test for inserts (IPS) and queries (QPS). The range of values for IPS and QPS is split into 3 parts: bottom 25%, middle 50%, top 25%. Values in the bottom 25% have a red background, values in the top 25% have a green background and values in the middle have no color. A gray background is used for values that can be ignored because the DBMS did not sustain the target insert rate. Red backgrounds are not used when the minimum value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | l.i0 | l.x | l.i1 | q100.1 | q500.1 | q1000.1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 400m.pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 1086956 | 316284 | 397614 | 182954 | 185106 | 189631 |
| 400m.pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 1108033 | 326879 | 396432 | 189845 | 191245 | 195503 |
This lists the average rate of inserts/s for the tests that do inserts concurrent with queries. For such tests the query rate is listed in the table above. The read+write tests are setup so that the insert rate should match the target rate every second. Cells that are not at least 95% of the target have a red background to indicate a failure to satisfy the target.
| dbms | q100.1 | q500.1 | q1000.1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 1976 | 9885 | 19748 |
| pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 1976 | 9890 | 19758 |
| target | 2000 | 10000 | 20000 |
l.i0
l.i0: load without secondary indexes. Graphs for performance per 1-second interval are here.
Average throughput:
Insert response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For the max column values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 19.224 | 77.584 | 3.141 | 0.012 | 0.021 | 0.016 | 0.001 | 1.102 | |||
| pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 25.318 | 71.429 | 3.195 | 0.015 | 0.025 | 0.018 | 0.813 |
Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 1086956 0 0 0.0 1763.1 419.5 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.395 314878 58.5 0.290 16 44.2 114.2 NA 1.102 60634 3995 400m.pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 1108033 0 0 0.0 1764.4 421.0 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.389 350126 57.7 0.316 16 44.2 114.1 NA 0.813 61833 9693 400m.pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
l.x
l.x: create secondary indexes.
Average throughput:
Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 316284 0 1919 19.5 613.6 124.8 0.006 0.063 0.002 0.404 1670 3.3 0.005 3 79.5 151.4 0.0 0.002 NA NA 400m.pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 326879 0 1438 19.7 640.6 133.1 0.004 0.062 0.002 0.417 2019 3.3 0.006 3 79.5 155.2 0.0 0.002 NA NA 400m.pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
l.i1
l.i1: continue load after secondary indexes created. Graphs for performance per 1-second interval are here.
Average throughput:
Insert response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For the max column values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 94.502 | 4.529 | 0.928 | 0.028 | 0.013 | 0.001 | 1.529 | ||||
| pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 94.637 | 4.305 | 1.015 | 0.026 | 0.016 | 0.001 | 1.199 |
Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 397614 0 3127 27.8 2455.5 412.5 0.008 0.072 0.006 1.062 267225 53.9 0.672 41 176.5 309.8 0.0 1.529 24273 1798 400m.pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 396432 0 3106 28.0 2489.5 417.0 0.008 0.072 0.006 1.077 286909 52.8 0.724 40 176.5 312.4 0.0 1.199 24484 1698 400m.pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
q100.1
q100.1: range queries with 100 insert/s per client. Graphs for performance per 1-second interval are here.
Average throughput:
Query response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 99.964 | 0.029 | 0.006 | 0.001 | nonzero | 0.027 | |||||
| pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 99.971 | 0.022 | 0.006 | 0.001 | nonzero | 0.025 |
Insert response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 98.442 | 1.024 | 0.531 | 0.004 | 0.095 | ||||||
| pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 98.812 | 0.992 | 0.196 | 0.047 |
Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 1976 182954 0 0.0 3005.6 70.9 0.000 0.000 1.521 36.729 653763 62.7 3.573 103 177.6 294.0 0.0 0.027 9078 8742 400m.pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 1976 189845 0 0.0 2873.6 74.5 0.000 0.000 1.454 38.594 677689 62.7 3.570 99 177.6 299.1 0.0 0.025 9414 9082 400m.pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
q500.1
q500.1: range queries with 500 insert/s per client. Graphs for performance per 1-second interval are here.
Average throughput:
Query response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 99.901 | 0.068 | 0.028 | 0.003 | nonzero | 0.028 | |||||
| pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 99.910 | 0.060 | 0.027 | 0.003 | nonzero | nonzero | 0.133 |
Insert response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 51.996 | 28.145 | 19.550 | 0.309 | 0.185 | ||||||
| pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 52.091 | 28.115 | 19.492 | 0.298 | 0.005 | 0.319 |
Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 9885 185106 0 0.0 5273.7 159.2 0.000 0.000 0.534 16.496 646760 63.9 3.494 104 183.7 256.3 0.0 0.028 9222 8774 400m.pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 9890 191245 0 0.0 5211.0 158.3 0.000 0.000 0.527 16.391 668357 63.9 3.495 100 183.7 264.2 0.0 0.133 9513 9078 400m.pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
q1000.1
q1000.1: range queries with 1000 insert/s per client. Graphs for performance per 1-second interval are here.
Average throughput:
Query response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 99.842 | 0.117 | 0.037 | 0.003 | nonzero | nonzero | 2.008 | ||||
| pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 99.849 | 0.109 | 0.038 | 0.003 | nonzero | nonzero | nonzero | 0.443 |
Insert response time histogram: each cell has the percentage of responses that take <= the time in the header and max is the max response time in seconds. For max values in the top 25% of the range have a red background and in the bottom 25% of the range have a green background. The red background is not used when the min value is within 80% of the max value.
| dbms | 256us | 1ms | 4ms | 16ms | 64ms | 256ms | 1s | 4s | 16s | gt | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 71.339 | 19.569 | 8.863 | 0.225 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 2.128 | ||||
| pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60 | 66.895 | 22.762 | 10.093 | 0.246 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 1.889 |
Performance metrics for the DBMS listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 19748 189631 149 1.4 5176.7 216.3 0.001 0.007 0.262 11.218 640201 65.3 3.376 103 197.2 263.0 0.0 2.008 9466 8826 400m.pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 19758 195503 152 1.4 5260.2 222.5 0.001 0.007 0.266 11.530 658328 65.4 3.367 100 197.2 266.4 0.0 0.443 9733 9110 400m.pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
l.i0
l.i0: load without secondary indexes
Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 1086956 0 0 0.0 1763.1 419.5 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.395 314878 58.5 0.290 16 44.2 114.2 NA 1.102 60634 3995 400m.pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 1108033 0 0 0.0 1764.4 421.0 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.389 350126 57.7 0.316 16 44.2 114.1 NA 0.813 61833 9693 400m.pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
l.x
l.x: create secondary indexes
Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 316284 0 1919 19.5 613.6 124.8 0.006 0.063 0.002 0.404 1670 3.3 0.005 3 79.5 151.4 0.0 0.002 NA NA 400m.pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 326879 0 1438 19.7 640.6 133.1 0.004 0.062 0.002 0.417 2019 3.3 0.006 3 79.5 155.2 0.0 0.002 NA NA 400m.pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
l.i1
l.i1: continue load after secondary indexes created
Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 397614 0 3127 27.8 2455.5 412.5 0.008 0.072 0.006 1.062 267225 53.9 0.672 41 176.5 309.8 0.0 1.529 24273 1798 400m.pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 396432 0 3106 28.0 2489.5 417.0 0.008 0.072 0.006 1.077 286909 52.8 0.724 40 176.5 312.4 0.0 1.199 24484 1698 400m.pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
q100.1
q100.1: range queries with 100 insert/s per client
Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 1976 182954 0 0.0 3005.6 70.9 0.000 0.000 1.521 36.729 653763 62.7 3.573 103 177.6 294.0 0.0 0.027 9078 8742 400m.pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 1976 189845 0 0.0 2873.6 74.5 0.000 0.000 1.454 38.594 677689 62.7 3.570 99 177.6 299.1 0.0 0.025 9414 9082 400m.pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
q500.1
q500.1: range queries with 500 insert/s per client
Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 9885 185106 0 0.0 5273.7 159.2 0.000 0.000 0.534 16.496 646760 63.9 3.494 104 183.7 256.3 0.0 0.028 9222 8774 400m.pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 9890 191245 0 0.0 5211.0 158.3 0.000 0.000 0.527 16.391 668357 63.9 3.495 100 183.7 264.2 0.0 0.133 9513 9078 400m.pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
q1000.1
q1000.1: range queries with 1000 insert/s per client
Performance metrics for all DBMS, not just the ones listed above. Some are normalized by throughput, others are not. Legend for results is here.
ips qps rps rmbps wps wmbps rpq rkbpq wpi wkbpi csps cpups cspq cpupq dbgb1 dbgb2 rss maxop p50 p99 tag 19748 189631 149 1.4 5176.7 216.3 0.001 0.007 0.262 11.218 640201 65.3 3.376 103 197.2 263.0 0.0 2.008 9466 8826 400m.pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 19758 195503 152 1.4 5260.2 222.5 0.001 0.007 0.266 11.530 658328 65.4 3.367 100 197.2 266.4 0.0 0.443 9733 9110 400m.pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
l.i0
- l.i0: load without secondary indexes
- Legend for results is here.
- Each entry lists the percentage of responses that fit in that bucket (slower than max time for previous bucket, faster than min time for next bucket).
Insert response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 0.000 19.224 77.584 3.141 0.012 0.021 0.016 0.001 0.000 0.000 1.102 pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 0.000 25.318 71.429 3.195 0.015 0.025 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.813 pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
l.x
- l.x: create secondary indexes
- Legend for results is here.
- Each entry lists the percentage of responses that fit in that bucket (slower than max time for previous bucket, faster than min time for next bucket).
TODO - determine whether there is data for create index response time
l.i1
- l.i1: continue load after secondary indexes created
- Legend for results is here.
- Each entry lists the percentage of responses that fit in that bucket (slower than max time for previous bucket, faster than min time for next bucket).
Insert response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 0.000 0.000 94.502 4.529 0.928 0.028 0.013 0.001 0.000 0.000 1.529 pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 0.000 0.000 94.637 4.305 1.015 0.026 0.016 0.001 0.000 0.000 1.199 pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
q100.1
- q100.1: range queries with 100 insert/s per client
- Legend for results is here.
- Each entry lists the percentage of responses that fit in that bucket (slower than max time for previous bucket, faster than min time for next bucket).
Query response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 99.964 0.029 0.006 0.001 nonzero 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.027 pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 99.971 0.022 0.006 0.001 nonzero 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.025 pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
Insert response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 0.000 0.000 98.442 1.024 0.531 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.095 pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 0.000 0.000 98.812 0.992 0.196 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.047 pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
q500.1
- q500.1: range queries with 500 insert/s per client
- Legend for results is here.
- Each entry lists the percentage of responses that fit in that bucket (slower than max time for previous bucket, faster than min time for next bucket).
Query response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 99.901 0.068 0.028 0.003 nonzero 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.028 pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 99.910 0.060 0.027 0.003 nonzero nonzero 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.133 pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
Insert response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 0.000 0.000 51.996 28.145 19.550 0.309 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.185 pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 0.000 0.000 52.091 28.115 19.492 0.298 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.319 pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
q1000.1
- q1000.1: range queries with 1000 insert/s per client
- Legend for results is here.
- Each entry lists the percentage of responses that fit in that bucket (slower than max time for previous bucket, faster than min time for next bucket).
Query response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 99.842 0.117 0.037 0.003 nonzero 0.000 0.000 nonzero 0.000 0.000 2.008 pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 99.849 0.109 0.038 0.003 nonzero nonzero nonzero 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.443 pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60
Insert response time histogram
256us 1ms 4ms 16ms 64ms 256ms 1s 4s 16s gt max tag 0.000 0.000 71.339 19.569 8.863 0.225 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.000 2.128 pg1119_def.cx7_gcp_c2s60 0.000 0.000 66.895 22.762 10.093 0.246 0.001 0.003 0.000 0.000 1.889 pg1119_o3_native_lto.cx7_gcp_c2s60